限制性定语从句的语法学习

今天给各位分享限制性定语从句的语法学习的知识，其中也会对限制性定语从句的语法学习进行解释，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在开始吧！

本文导读目录：

1、限制性定语从句的语法学习

2、限制性定语从句是什么

3、定语从句之专题四(完)：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。（系统讲解内在原理）

　　以下是小编收集整理的限制性定语从句的语法学习，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。如果这7篇文章还不能满足您的需求，您还可以在本站搜索到更多与限制性定语从句的语法学习相关的文章。 　　限制性定语从句 　　限制性定语从句是对先行词的内容进行严格、明确限定的定语从句，与先行词的意思关系非常紧密。 　　此时如果把限制性从句移除，先行词的意思就会受影响，意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的变化。 　　所以，限制性定语从句是不能移除的。 　　例如： 　　Give me the article that tells our company. 　　把讲述我们公司的文章给我。 　　(限定的是“讲述我们公司的那篇文章”，而不是别的文章) 　　Which is the motorb ike that you fixed on the 12th? 　　哪辆是你12号修理的摩托车? 　　(限定的是“你12号修的那辆摩托车”，不是别的或者其他日子修的摩托车) 　　本文载自微信公众号“英语语法学习”。本文已获授权，版权归作者所有，如需转载，请联系原微信公众号“英语语法学习”。 　　公众号：英语语法学习 　　限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的'附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： 　　This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） 　　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 　　2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： 　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理・史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 　　My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 　　3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： 　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 　　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 　　说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 　　介词 　　1. 合成介词和复杂介词 　　1) 合成介词:inside,into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without 　　2) 复杂介词:accordingto, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in frontof, in spite of, instead of, inaccordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with,up to, with regard to, prior to等 　　2. 介词在句末: 　　This is what he is interested in. 　　Does everyone has a seat to sit on? 　　3. 名词加介词 ( n + prep) 　　1) 某些名词之后要求用某些介词:solution to, faith in, glance at, need for 　　2) 某些名词之前要求用某些介词:onone’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to mydelight 　　4. 动词加介词 　　1) Vi + prep:prevail on, appeal to, fallinto, apply for, touch upon 　　2) Vt + O + prep:lay emphasis on, takeadvantage of等 　　3) Vi + adv + prep: 　　I don’t wish to break in on yourthoughts. 　　The family came up against freshproblems. 　　You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me. 　　She got off with him soon after she beganto work at the institution. 　　4) Vt + O + adv +prep: 　　You shouldn’t take your resentment out onme. 　　We shouldn’t put the shortage down to badplanning. 　　5. 形容词加介词 　　about---anxious, careful, careless,certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure,timid, unhappy, etc 　　at---awkward, bad, clever,disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless,weak, etc 　　for---convenient, eligible, grateful,homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from --- evident,exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc 　　in---deficient, expert, liberal, quick,rich, successful, weak, etc 　　of---apprehensive, characteristic,critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent,jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy,etc 　　on---dependent, keen, intent, etc 　　to---acceptable, accessible, agreeable,alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential,favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable,related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc 　　with---awkward, bored, careful,disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc 　　1. 限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开. 　　The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained. 　　The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 　　如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you. 　　Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night. 　　All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates. 　　在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代. 　　My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday. 　　All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl. 　　2. 定语从句的引导词 　　1) that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who,有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom. 　　Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for. 　　He is a man (that) you can safely depend on. 　　The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes. 　　There are some people here who I want you to meet. 　　但在介词后只能用whom: 　　This is the man to whom I referred. 　　但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些. 　　Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? 　　Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about 　　The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 　　The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin. 　　2) 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时): 　　Have you everything you need? 　　(Is there) anything I can do for you? 　　All you have to do is to press the button. 　　在介词后只能用which, 在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去, 这时可以用that, 但省略的时候更多一些: 　　The tool with which he is working is called a wrench. 　　The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench. 　　This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 　　This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about. 　　定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的`一部分b), 引导词用which: 　　a) They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. 　　The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted 　　b) When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 　　She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 　　3) whose: 在表示“．．．的”这个概念时, 可用所有格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是 名词词组 + of which: 　　Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast? 　　We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. (…the purpose of which was…) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (…whose name I’ve…) 　　of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在of whom之前. 　　The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 　　It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music. 　　4) 关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能. 　　The day when he was born… 　　on which he was born… 　　which he was born on… 　　The office where he works… 　　at which he works… 　　which he works at… 　　有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that可省略. 　　Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous. 　　This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss. 　　Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink? 　　This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 　　That is the reason (why) he did it. 　　在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略. 　　This is the way (that/in which) he did it. 　　That’s the way I look at it. 　　3. 如果定语从句中谓语为there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉: 　　I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people. 　　This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing. 　　4. 定语从句的简化:定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系. 　　He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the danger). 　　The woman driving the car (= who was driving the car) indicated that she was going to turn left. The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital. 　　All the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm. 　　一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 　　2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 　　3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 　　4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 　　（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as 　　（2）关系副词：when/where/why 　　5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 　　6.引导词的功能（作用）： 　　（1）连接先行词和定语从句。 　　（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。 　　7.定语从句的类型： 　　（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句 　　The man who you’re talking to is my friend. 　　② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 　　The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. 　　I need a pen with which I can write a letter. 　　=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 　　介词的`选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： 　　The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. 　　=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 　　The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. 　　=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. 　　（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。 　　② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 　　I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. 　　There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. 　　This is the man to whom I gave the book. 　　③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 　　人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 　　He has five children, two of whom are abroad. 　　(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.) 　　We have three books, none of which is/are interesting. 　　(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.) 　　除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。 　　1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。 　　2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。 　　The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital. 　　（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤） 　　The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital. 　　（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院） 　　3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom; [要学习网-中学生最喜欢的学习论坛；网址www.yaoxuexi.cn手机版地址wap.yaoxuexi.cn] 　　指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。 　　The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father. 　　The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher. 　　The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful. 　　He went to America, ______ his parents live. 　　He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too. 　　4.whose引导非限定性定语从句： 　　The house, whose window faces south, is mine. 　　=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine. 　　＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine. 　　二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法 　　1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。 　　Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there? 　　2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。 　　① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。 　　Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now? 　　② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时： 　　介词不提前时，关系代词可省略； 　　介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。 　　The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher. 　　The man with whom I spoke is my teacher. 　　※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。 　　She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for. 　　3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n. 　　I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语） 　　He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾） 　　The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾） 　　4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。 　　① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。 　　② 当作介宾时： 　　介词不提前时，关系代词可省略； 　　介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。 　　The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak. 　　The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine. 　　The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult. 　　The games in which the young men competed were difficult. 　　※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。 　　※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句： 　　Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest. 　　Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest. 　　My hometown is no longer the same as it was. 　　Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. 　　The child knows as much as grow-ups (know). 　　I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school. 　　He is not such a person as I expected. 　　He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 　　一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别     限制性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。例如:     a man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.     一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。     a man被限定后,指一类特定的人。     限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。例如:     finally we visited the giant yangtze gorges dam, which is the greatest key  water control project in the world at present.     最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。     本句若去掉定语从句,主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考题中,非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一,因此值得我们注意。     二、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子。例如:     that peter will marry alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.        彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已被传得沸沸扬扬。     句子中的which指代“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这件事。     三、除which外,还可用when, where, who,whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。例如:     after graduation, i decided to stay in chongqing, where i spent my childhood and four years of college life.     毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。     albert einstein left germany for the united states during world war ii, when jews were badly treated in germany.     第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到极大的歧视。     注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句。     四、在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。试比较:     the american journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.     播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。     he was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.     他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。      巩固性练习:   从a、b、c、d中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。     1. she heard the terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.     a. it           b. which     c. this        d. that     2. dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course,                             made the others unhappy.      a. who      b. which     c. this        d. what     3.  the weather turned out to be very good,____ was more than we could expect.     a. what     b. which    c. that     d. it     4.  recently i bought an ancient chinese vase,____ was very reasonable.     a. which price b. the price of which       c. its price       d. the price of whose     5. the youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the sars hospital, ____ she spent her     19th birthday.     a. that           b. which      c. where d. and     (答案bbbc) 　　非限制性定语从句讲解课件 　　说到非限定性定语从句的讲解，还要分成不同的部分，首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如： 　　Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous? 　　你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。 　　My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. 　　我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。 　　在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类，在不同情况下，该从句的使用方法也是不一样的，在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法，在考试的时候就一定会丢分了，下面就是关于该从句不同类型的'介绍： 　　(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句 　　Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 　　My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 　　(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句 　　关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如： 　　Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 　　Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 　　(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句 　　whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如： 　　The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 　　Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 　　(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句 　　关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 　　① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如： 　　These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 　　She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 　　Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 　　The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 　　② which指代主句中的形容词。如： 　　She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 　　She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 　　③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如： 　　He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。 　　④ which指代整个主句。如： 　　In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 　　He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎，如果是这样，他就得动手术。 　　When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作，这时他会废寝忘食。 　　(5) when引导的非限制性定语从句 　　关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。如： 　　He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。 　　(6) where引导的非限制性定语从句 　　关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。如： 　　They went to London，where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的时间。 　　They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里, 有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。 　　(7) as引导的非限制性定语从句 　　as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。 如： 　　As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道，马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语) 　　He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔，这是常事。(as在从句中作主语) 　　He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语) 　　Boy as he was， he was chosen king. 他虽是孩子，却被选为国王。(as在从句中作表语) 　　as we all know, the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。 (as在从句中作宾语) 　　The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意，这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。(as在从句中作主语) 　　Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(as在从句中作宾语) 　　(8)“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 　　在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词，而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。 　　They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿，没有它们产量会减少一半。 　　They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.这些邻居是北京来的，昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。 　　(9)“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 　　It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地，其中三分之二之多已经耕种。 　　Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。 　　he textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有8千多职工，女职工占百分之八十。 　　通过对该从句的讲解，大家可以看出，它的种类真的是非常多，不同的词语引导的从句用法都是不同的，大家要学会区分不同用法所表示的含义。虽然该从句在选择题中考察的非常多，但是大家在阅读题中也会看见这样的从句，所以说，大家学习语法知识并不只是为了语法的题目，它对于大家整个英语水平的提升都是非常有帮助的。除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况： 　　1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导， 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人，用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物， 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如： 　　The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. 　　这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。 　　The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive. 　　这部电影很有教育意义， 它的导演是位老人。 　　2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用who。例如： 　　York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city. 　　我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。 　　Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now. 　　请把这本书交给杰西卡，就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。 　　3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导， 需用for which替代why。例如： 　　None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent. 　　我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。 　　★ 高一英语教案非限制性定语从句 　　★ 考研语法定语从句详解 　　★ 非限制性定语从句的用法讲解 　　★ 雅思写作限定性定语从句语法讲解 　　★ 定语从句总结 　　★ 定语从句练习题 　　★ 定语从句教案 　　★ 定语从句课件 　　★ 定语从句练习题及答案 　　★ 高考定语从句复习题　　定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，其中，限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，因而不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。 　　一. 关系代词: that which who whom 　　既可代表事物也可代表人, which代表事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词，which在从句中作宾语不可以省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉. 　　eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film. 　　2. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。 　　二. 关系副词：where when whose 　　是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。 　　eg. I went the Zhongshan Park, where was the right destination. 　　引导定语从句表示时间,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 　　eg.By the time you arrive in London，we will have stayed there for two weeks. 　　是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时，意思相当于of which。 　　eg. I saw a boy standing on the groud, whose hat was red.　　(本文选自《魔方英语语法》第十一章第五节。已经登记版权，请勿用于商业用途。) 　　定语从句按照与先行词的关系远近（有没有逗号隔开），可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。反过来说，限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的所有区别，都源于“有/无逗号”，无逗号则关系紧密，有逗号则关系松散。例如，①因为有逗号（较远），则可以修饰先行词或整个主句。无逗号则只能修饰先行词。②因为有逗号（较远），则不能代替或省略，否则容易引起歧义。 　　因为以前讲的都是限制性定语从句，所以，下边两个表格，主要记右列（非限制性定语从句）。 　　1.两种定语从句与先行词的关系不同。关键在于①，由①可以推导出②③。 　　注：which在定语从句中作表语时，也可以指人。（参看第四节.六.） 　　①例句（如何翻译限制性/非限制性定语从句） 　　●She has found the necklace which/that she lost two weeks ago. 　　她找到了两周前丢的项链。（其它时间丢的项链是否找到，没说） 　　●She has found the necklace, which she lost two weeks ago. 　　她已经找到那条项链，那条项链是两周前丢的。（只有一条项链） 　　②例句（某些泛指的先行词+限制性定语从句） 　　●That’s all that I could do at that time.（不定代词）。 　　●She has nothing that is good to say.（复合不定代词）。 　　②例句（某些特指的先行词+非限制性定语从句） 　　●I met John, who is my classmate.（专有名词） 　　●My computer, which my mother gave me last year, is still in good condition.（物主代词） 　　●This film, which I have read three times, is very instructive.（指示代词） 　　③例句（which可以指代整个主句） 　　●He is from the south, which we can know from his accent.（which指代He is from the south） 　　（=We can know from his accent that he is from south.） 　　●I said nothing, which made him angry.（=That I said nothing made him angry.） 　　③例句（which可以指代this/that） 　　●I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone.（in that case→in which case） 　　我可能得晚点下班，那样的话我会打电话的。 　　●The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard. 　　讲演者停下来查阅他的笔记，就在这时，听到砰地一声巨响。 　　2.两种定语从句的引导词不同。非限制性定语从句的引导词不能替代或省略。 　　例句（that不能引导非限制性定语从句） 　　●He failed again, which/(that×) was out of my expectation. 　　●This note was left by Tom, who(that×) was here just now. 　　●First came Mary, who(m)/(that×) few of us had expected. 　　1.什么是分隔性定语从句？即，先行词+…+定语从句。 　　一般地，定语从句紧跟在先行词后边，即，先行词+定语从句。有时，为了避免头重脚轻，把定语从句移到句尾，而导致定语从句不是紧跟在先行词后边，即，先行词+…+定语从句，这种情况叫“分隔性定语从句”。 　　被哪些结构分隔呢？我们在第一章讲过“四结构”：动词短语，介词短语，非谓语动词短语，从句。定语从句被分隔，其实就是各种结构之间调整了顺序而已。如， 　　●I was the only person in my office that was invited.（被介词短语分隔） 　　我是我们办公室里唯一被邀请的人。 　　●The days will come soon when people have enough to eat and wear.（被谓语分隔） 　　人们的丰衣足食的日子很快就会到来。 　　●There are no places left on the earth that the foot of man has not trodden.（被非谓语动词分隔） 　　2.做这种题时，关键是根据句意找准先行词。如， 　　●The river in the picture brought the days back to the old men ___they swam in it. 　　A.when B.that C.who D.there 　　句意：图片里的那条河使这些老人回忆起他们在河里游泳的那段日子。分析：先行词是the 　　days而不是空格前的the old men。如果把定语从句紧跟在先行词之后，则变为：The river in the picture brought the days when they swam in it back to the old men. 这个句子显得有点头重脚轻。选A。 　　题组30（which引导非限制性定语从句） 　　第5—6题考查which可以指代this/that。 　　1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ____ is named after his grandfather.（2010,全国Ⅰ） A. which B. where C. what D. that 　　句意：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校读书，那所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。分析：where不能作主语，what不能引导定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。选A。 　　2. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _____, of course, made all the others upset.(2011,北京) A. who B. which C. what D. that 　　分析：①不选who，应选which，因为，不是“这个人”使别人心烦，是“这件事”使别人心烦。②不选C，因为，what不能引导定语从句。选B。 　　3. Whenever I met her, ____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（2009,山东） A. who B. which C. when D. that 　　分析：不论什么时候遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。选B。 　　4. They've won their last three matches,____ I find a bit surprising.(2009,辽宁) 　　A. that B. when C. what D. which 　　句意：他们在最后三场比赛中赢了，我觉得有点意外。 　　分析：与这个题相关的规则有两条：①先行词中有强势指定（last），引导词应该用that。②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。这两者发生矛盾时，遵循第②条，所以，选D。 　　5. He may win the competition，____ he is likely to get into the national team. (2013,辽宁) 　　A．in which case B．in that case C．in what case D．in whose case 　　分析：in the case→in which case要是那样的话。选A。 　　6. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _____ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students' Union.（2005,重庆） A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time 　　分析：during that time→during which time。选A。 　　题组31（分隔性定语从句） 　　1. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. (2011,福建) A．which B．where C．what D．who 　　句意：她是制造气氛的天才—这种气氛可以使她的学生彼此能够自由交流。 　　分析：an atmosphere (for her students) which allows them。选A。 　　2. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _____I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010,湖南) A. who B. where C. when D. which 　　分析：the students (in my school) who I met。选A。 　　3. Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from 　　all human society.（2012,浙江） A, which B, who C, where D, whom 　　句意：埃伦是一个专门画鸟类和大自然的画家，因为某种原因而远离了社会。 　　分析：先行词是Ellen，引导词在从句中作主语。选B。 　　4. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your 　　host family.（2011,上海） A. which B. where C. when D. as 　　分析：先行词是taxis，引导词在从句中作宾语。选A。 　　5. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour. (2010,江西) A. where B. who C. which D. what 　　分析：the training centre (with her sister) where she would stay for an hour。选A。 　　6. In China, the number of cities is increasing _____ development is recognized across the world.（2010，重庆） A. where B. which C. whose D. that 　　分析：①先行词是cities，选whose。②不选where，是因为句子后边本身有地点状语。选C。

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